Index: Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.Designer.cs
===================================================================
diff -u -rc85651351f64578aefc6913576430aed66325500 -rf01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173
--- Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.Designer.cs	(.../Resources.Designer.cs)	(revision c85651351f64578aefc6913576430aed66325500)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.Designer.cs	(.../Resources.Designer.cs)	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -233,6 +233,15 @@
         }
         
         /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Het XML-document dat de configuratie voor de berekeningen beschrijft bevat geen berekeningselementen.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string PipingConfigurationReader_No_calculation_items_found {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("PipingConfigurationReader_No_calculation_items_found", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
         ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Kritieke fout opgetreden bij het uitlezen van waardes uit kolommen in de database..
         /// </summary>
         public static string PipingSoilProfileReader_Critical_Unexpected_value_on_column {
Index: Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.resx
===================================================================
diff -u -rc85651351f64578aefc6913576430aed66325500 -rf01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173
--- Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.resx	(.../Resources.resx)	(revision c85651351f64578aefc6913576430aed66325500)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Properties/Resources.resx	(.../Resources.resx)	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -294,4 +294,7 @@
     <value>{0} 
 Er is geen berekening configuratie geïmporteerd.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="PipingConfigurationReader_No_calculation_items_found" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Het XML-document dat de configuratie voor de berekeningen beschrijft bevat geen berekeningselementen.</value>
+  </data>
 </root>
\ No newline at end of file
Index: Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Readers/PipingConfigurationReader.cs
===================================================================
diff -u -r8d296ef98159086423790c4817260e9266436886 -rf01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173
--- Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Readers/PipingConfigurationReader.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationReader.cs)	(revision 8d296ef98159086423790c4817260e9266436886)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/src/Ringtoets.Piping.IO/Readers/PipingConfigurationReader.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationReader.cs)	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
             xmlDocument = LoadDocument(xmlFilePath);
 
             ValidateToSchema(xmlDocument, xmlFilePath);
+
+            ValidateNotEmpty(xmlDocument, xmlFilePath);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -152,6 +154,25 @@
             return xmlSchema;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validates whether or not the provided XML document is empty.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="document">The XML document to validate.</param>
+        /// <param name="xmlFilePath">The file path the XML document is loaded from.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="CriticalFileReadException">Thrown when the provided XML document does not contain calculation items.</exception>
+        private static void ValidateNotEmpty(XDocument document, string xmlFilePath)
+        {
+            if (!document.Descendants()
+                         .Any(d => d.Name == PipingConfigurationSchemaIdentifiers.CalculationElement
+                                   || d.Name == PipingConfigurationSchemaIdentifiers.FolderElement))
+            {
+                string message = new FileReaderErrorMessageBuilder(xmlFilePath)
+                    .Build(Resources.PipingConfigurationReader_No_calculation_items_found);
+
+                throw new CriticalFileReadException(message);
+            }
+        }
+
         private static IEnumerable<IReadPipingCalculationItem> ParseReadPipingCalculationItems(IEnumerable<XElement> elements)
         {
             foreach (XElement element in elements)
Index: Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Importers/PipingConfigurationImporterTest.cs
===================================================================
diff -u -r38d1c1735331bcf92ae5cd994d65751e678c5551 -rf01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173
--- Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Importers/PipingConfigurationImporterTest.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationImporterTest.cs)	(revision 38d1c1735331bcf92ae5cd994d65751e678c5551)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Importers/PipingConfigurationImporterTest.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationImporterTest.cs)	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
             // Setup
             var calculationGroup = new CalculationGroup();
 
-            string path = TestHelper.GetTestDataPath(TestDataPath.Ringtoets.Piping.IO, Path.Combine("PipingConfigurationReader", "validEmptyRoot.xml"));
+            string path = TestHelper.GetTestDataPath(TestDataPath.Ringtoets.Piping.IO, Path.Combine("PipingConfigurationReader", "validConfigurationNesting.xml"));
             var importer = new PipingConfigurationImporter(path, calculationGroup);
             importer.SetProgressChanged((description, step, steps) =>
             {
Index: Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Readers/PipingConfigurationReaderTest.cs
===================================================================
diff -u -r87f2a9ca76ec0a77b2dcc6bf69c6d9d8a3b29168 -rf01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173
--- Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Readers/PipingConfigurationReaderTest.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationReaderTest.cs)	(revision 87f2a9ca76ec0a77b2dcc6bf69c6d9d8a3b29168)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/Readers/PipingConfigurationReaderTest.cs	(.../PipingConfigurationReaderTest.cs)	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
         public void Constructor_FileInUse_ThrowCriticalFileReadException()
         {
             // Setup
-            string filePath = Path.Combine(testDirectoryPath, "validEmptyRoot.xml");
+            string filePath = Path.Combine(testDirectoryPath, "validConfigurationNesting.xml");
 
             using (new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
             {
@@ -277,17 +277,19 @@
         }
 
         [Test]
-        public void Read_ValidConfigurationWithEmptyRoot_ReturnEmptyReadPipingCalculationItemsCollection()
+        public void Constructor_FileInvalidBasedOnEmptyRoot_ThrowCriticalFileReadException()
         {
             // Setup
-            string filePath = Path.Combine(testDirectoryPath, "validEmptyRoot.xml");
-            var pipingConfigurationReader = new PipingConfigurationReader(filePath);
+            string filePath = Path.Combine(testDirectoryPath, "invalidEmptyRoot.xml");
 
             // Call
-            IEnumerable<IReadPipingCalculationItem> readPipingCalculationItems = pipingConfigurationReader.Read();
+            TestDelegate call = () => new PipingConfigurationReader(filePath);
 
             // Assert
-            CollectionAssert.IsEmpty(readPipingCalculationItems);
+            string expectedMessage = $"Fout bij het lezen van bestand '{filePath}': het XML-document dat de configuratie" +
+                                     " voor de berekeningen beschrijft bevat geen berekeningselementen.";
+            var exception = Assert.Throws<CriticalFileReadException>(call);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedMessage, exception.Message);
         }
 
         [Test]
Index: Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/test-data/PipingConfigurationReader/invalidEmptyRoot.xml
===================================================================
diff -u
--- Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/test-data/PipingConfigurationReader/invalidEmptyRoot.xml	(revision 0)
+++ Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/test-data/PipingConfigurationReader/invalidEmptyRoot.xml	(revision f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+</root>
\ No newline at end of file
Fisheye: Tag f01130d610fadc513e82f78093100fdd55c4b173 refers to a dead (removed) revision in file `Ringtoets/Piping/test/Ringtoets.Piping.IO.Test/test-data/PipingConfigurationReader/validEmptyRoot.xml'.
Fisheye: No comparison available.  Pass `N' to diff?